The Tongan Empire dates back to 900 – 850 BCE. Tonga was sighted by Europeans on 20 January 1643. It is officially named the Kingdom of Tonga and is a Polynesian country and also an archipelago consisting of 169 islands, of which 36 are inhabited.
The total surface area of the archipelago is about 750 km2 (290 sq mi), scattered over 700,000 km2 (270,000 sq mi) of the southern Pacific Ocean.
In 2022, the Hunga Tonga volcano, 65 km (40 mi) north of the main island of Tongatapu, erupted, causing a tsunami which inundated parts of the archipelago, including the capital Nukuʻalofa.
The eruption affected the kingdom heavily, cutting off most communications, as it was expected to take weeks to repair a submarine fiber optic cable used for Internet and telephone connectivity. Within weeks an underwater earthquake occured, complicating Tonga’s recovery.